松口蘑復(fù)合種形態(tài)學(xué)及生物地理學(xué)研究

MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC STUDY ON TRICHOLOMA MATSUTAKE-COMPLEX

曹哲明　姚一建　

摘　要：松口蘑復(fù)合種含有松口蘑Tricholoma matsutake (也稱松茸)、北歐口蘑T. nauseosum、喜櫟口蘑T. zangii和美洲口蘑T. magnivelare等4個分類單元.在對來自中國、日本、法國、西班牙、瑞典、芬蘭和美國的標本進行形態(tài)學(xué)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,認為松口蘑、北歐口蘑、喜櫟口蘑形態(tài)十分接近,它們的分類地位應(yīng)該重新考慮.美洲口蘑和它們的差別也不大.對松口蘑復(fù)合種的寄主和地理分布也進行了總結(jié),發(fā)現(xiàn)松口蘑和美洲口蘑的寄主范圍較廣,寄主?；圆粡?而北歐口蘑和喜櫟口蘑的寄主比較專一.在地理分布上,松口蘑和美洲口蘑形成亞洲-北美地理替代種的分布格局;松口蘑和北歐口蘑形成歐亞間斷分布的分布格局;喜櫟口蘑的地理分布范圍完全包含在松口蘑的分布范圍中.松口蘑復(fù)合種種類的分布區(qū)和它們各自寄主的分布不一定完全相同.在松口蘑復(fù)合種內(nèi),北歐口蘑和松口蘑已被認為是同一個種,而其余兩個分類單元的分類地位值得進一步研究.

關(guān)鍵詞：松茸群,形態(tài)學(xué)特征,地理分布,分類學(xué)地位,寄主

分類號：Q939.5　文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：1672-6472(2004)01-0043-0055

基金項目：國家自然科學(xué)基金委員會"國家杰出青年基金"(30025002)、國家科學(xué)技術(shù)部國際科技合作重點項目計劃(2001CB711103)、中國科學(xué)院"創(chuàng)新工程重要方向項目"(KSCX2-SW-101C)和"引進國外杰出人才"項目

作者簡介：姚一建,通訊作者 Author for correspondence, E-mail:yaoyj@sun.im.ac.cn

作者單位：曹哲明（中國科學(xué)院微生物研究所真菌地衣系統(tǒng)學(xué)重點研究實驗室,北京,100080）　

　　　　　姚一建（中國科學(xué)院微生物研究所真菌地衣系統(tǒng)學(xué)重點研究實驗室,北京,100080）　

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