蛹蟲(chóng)草子囊孢子萌發(fā)及其后代群體培養(yǎng)性狀觀察 梁月　 張國(guó)珍　 安沫平　 蔡祝南　 摘　要：從野生和人工栽培的蛹蟲(chóng)草子實(shí)體共分離了6個(gè)子囊孢子群體,對(duì)子囊孢子形態(tài)、萌發(fā)過(guò)程、培養(yǎng)性狀及子實(shí)體產(chǎn)生等進(jìn)行了觀察.結(jié)果表明,蛹蟲(chóng)草子囊孢子為線(xiàn)形、多細(xì)胞,169.78～364.57×1.72～2.04 μm;每個(gè)子囊孢子有56～114個(gè)細(xì)胞,每個(gè)細(xì)胞大小為1.77～4.53×1.72～2.04 μm.子囊孢子彈射后13h開(kāi)始萌發(fā),30h后開(kāi)始形成分生孢子.多數(shù)子囊孢子的每個(gè)細(xì)胞都能萌發(fā),但少數(shù)子囊孢子的部分細(xì)胞不萌發(fā).子囊孢子群體的培養(yǎng)性狀表現(xiàn)多樣性,以Ⅰ型所占比列較大.野生群體的菌落顏色以杏橙色和淡檸檬黃色為主,而人工栽培的群體以橙鉻色所占比例最大.不同個(gè)體的菌落生長(zhǎng)速率有差異.野生群體產(chǎn)生扇形突變的比例高于人工栽培群體.在人工栽培的CM群體中出現(xiàn)了氣生菌絲較多、白色、生長(zhǎng)緩慢的個(gè)體.菌落為Ⅰ型,橙鉻色或杏橙色,生長(zhǎng)速率正常,無(wú)突變的單子囊孢子菌株產(chǎn)生子實(shí)體的可能性較大,子實(shí)體產(chǎn)量較高,但大部分單子囊孢子菌株不能產(chǎn)生發(fā)育良好的子實(shí)體. 關(guān)鍵詞：孢子形態(tài);菌落顏色;菌落生長(zhǎng)速度;扇形突變;子實(shí)體產(chǎn)生 分類(lèi)號(hào)：Q939.96　文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1672-6472(2005)04-0525-0532 CORDYCEPS MILITARIS: ASCOSPORE GERMINATION AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGENY POPULATION LIANG Yue　 ZHANG Guo-Zhen　 AN Mo-Ping　 CAI Zhu-Nan　 作者簡(jiǎn)介：張國(guó)珍,通訊作者 E-mail:zhanggzh@cau.edu.cn 作者單位：梁月（中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)植物病理學(xué)系,北京,100094）　 　　　　　張國(guó)珍（中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)植物病理學(xué)系,北京,100094）　 　　　　　安沫平（河北省農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)監(jiān)測(cè)站,石家莊,050011）　 　　　　　蔡祝南（中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)植物病理學(xué)系,北京,100094）　 參考文獻(xiàn)： [1]Chen YQ, Piao RZ, Jin YS, Yang HS, 2002. Study on the artificial good quality and high output cultivation technique of Cordyceps militaris. Edible Fungi of China, 21 (5): 20～22 (in Chinese) [2]Feng ZY, YangY, Li HJ, 1996. Comparison between the biological characters of Cordyceps militaris asexual generation. Acta Edulis Fungi, 3 (4): 15～20 (in Chinese) [3]Gao XH, Wu W, Qian GC, Cui XM, Chen W, 2000. Study on relationship between effect of paring single -ascospore strains of Cordyceps militaris of fruitbody formation and asexual conidiogenous structure. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 16 (supplement):85～92 (in Chinese) [4]Li CB, Tong XD, Bai J, Fan SD, 2004. Artificial stromata production of Cordyceps militaris. Journal of Dalian Nationalities University,6 (5): 29～31 (in Chinese) [5]Li MN, Wu X J, Li CY, Feng BS, Li QW, 2003. Molecular analysis of degeneration of artificial planted Cordyceps militaris .Mycosystema, 22 (2): 277～282 (in Chinese) [6]Liang ZQ, 2001. A corroboration of the Anamorph of Cordyceps militaris-Paecilomyces militaris Liang sp. nov. Acta Edulis Fungi,8 (4): 28～32 (in Chinese) [7]Liu ZY, Liang ZQ, Liu AY, 2003. Investigation on microcycle conidiation of ascospores and conidiogenous structures of anomorph of Cordyceps sinensis. Guiz hou Agricultural Sciences, 31 (1): 3～5 (in Chinese) [8]Mao XB, Zhong JJ, 2004. Hyperproduction of cordycepin by two-stage dissolved oxygen control in submerged cultivation of medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris in bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog, 20 (5): 1408～1413 [9]Ridgway R, 1912. Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. Washington, D.C., Published by the author. 1～42+Plate 53 [10]Rukachaisirikul V, Pramjit S, Pakawatchai C, Isaka M, Supothina S, 2004. 10-membered macrolides from the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris BCC 2816. JNat Prod, 67 (11): 1953～1955 [11]Won SY, Park EH, 2005. Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 96 (3): 555～561 [12]Wang G, Ma B J, Liu JK. 2004. Study on the chemical constituents of artificial cultivated Cordyceps militaris. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 35 (5): 493～495 (in Chinese) [13]Yao GH, Liu XP, Liu GH, Fang MC, Huang WF, 2003. Study on hyphae growth of different Cordyceps militaris strains. Journal of Microbiology, 23 (1): 61～62 (in Chinese) [14]陳艷秋,樸日子,金英善,嚴(yán)花淑,2002.蛹蟲(chóng)草人工優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)研究.中國(guó)食用菌,21(5):20～22 [15]馮志勇,楊炎,李惠君,1996.蛹蟲(chóng)草菌株無(wú)性世代的生物學(xué)特性比較.食用菌學(xué)報(bào),3(4):15～20 [16]高新華,吳畏,錢(qián)國(guó)琛,崔星明,陳偉,2000.北冬蟲(chóng)夏草單孢菌株配對(duì)后對(duì)子實(shí)體形成的影響與無(wú)性型產(chǎn)孢結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系.上海農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào),16(增刊):85～92 [17]李春斌,佟曉冬,白靜,范圣第,2004.蛹蟲(chóng)草子實(shí)體的人工培養(yǎng)研究.大連民族學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),6(5):29～31 [18]李美娜,吳謝軍,李春燕,馮伯森,李慶偉,2003.人工栽培蛹蟲(chóng)草退化現(xiàn)象的分子分析.菌物系統(tǒng),22(2):277～282 [19]梁宗琦,2001.蛹蟲(chóng)草無(wú)性型一蛹草擬青霉的確證.食用菌學(xué)報(bào),8(4):28～32 [20]劉作易,梁宗琦,劉愛(ài)英,2003.冬蟲(chóng)夏草子囊孢子萌發(fā)及其無(wú)性型觀察.貴州農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),31(1):3～5 [21]王剛,麻兵繼,劉吉開(kāi),2004.人工蛹蟲(chóng)草化學(xué)成分研究.中藥材,35(5):493～495 [22]姚國(guó)洪,劉喜屏,劉廣紅,房邁莼,黃文芳,2003.蛹蟲(chóng)草菌絲生長(zhǎng)研究.微生物學(xué)雜志,23(1):61～62 菌物學(xué)報(bào) 2005年第4期-HTM文件 No.9